Created by parents and muscular dystrophy sufferers in 1950 to combat neuromuscular diseases, the MDA now represents a major fundraiser in this area, as well as a significant partnership of citizens and scientists supporting research and care worldwide. It has been especially active in gene-therapy research on a number of neuromuscular syndromes.

Since 1965 its public face has been particularly associated with a Labor Day weekend telethon hosted by comedian (and MDA national chairperson) Jerry Lewis. While the telethon raised more than $1 billion, the growing consciousness of the disabled as citizens has also led to criticism that it treats MDA sufferers paternalistically.