(1879 – 1966) Pioneer in birth control. Trained as a nurse, Sanger opened the world’s first birthcontrol clinic (in Brooklyn) in 1915; she also helped organize the Planned Parenthood movement. She fought in the courts for the right to disseminate information on birth control through the mail and films; her writings on the subject faced global bans. Later, she proved instrumental in supporting the development of an effective oral contraceptive (FDA approved in 1960).