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A process by which the genetic material carried by an individual cell is altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into its genome..
Industry:Biology
A discrete portion of a protein with its own function. The combination of domains in a single protein determines its overall function..
Industry:Biology
An experimentally produced organism in which DNA has been artificially introduced and incorporated into the organism's germ line.
See also: cell, DNA, gene, nucleus, germ line.
Industry:Biology
A subunit of DNA or RNA consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate molecule, and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA). Thousands of nucleotides are linked to form a DNA or RNA molecule.
See also: DNA, base pair, RNA.
Industry:Biology
An allele that is almost always expressed, even if only one copy is present.
See also: gene, genome.
Industry:Biology
The process in which the genetic code carried by mRNA directs the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
See also: transcription.
Industry:Biology
The cellular organelle in eukaryotes that contains most of the genetic material..
Industry:Biology
The twisted-ladder shape that two linear strands of DNA assume when complementary nucleotides on opposing strands bond together..
Industry:Biology
A mutation in which a large segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
See also: mutation.
Industry:Biology
