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Traits or diseases associated with the X or Y chromosome; generally seen in males.
See also: gene, mutation, sex chromosome.
Industry:Biology
Unit of length for DNA fragments equal to 1 million nucleotides and roughly equal to 1 cM.
See also: centimorgan.
Industry:Biology
Sequencing method that involves randomly sequenced cloned pieces of the genome, with no foreknowledge of where the piece originally came from. This can be contrasted with "directed" strategies, in which pieces of DNA from known chromosomal locations are sequenced. Because there are advantages to both strategies, researchers use both random (or shotgun) and directed strategies in combination to sequence the human genome.
See also: library, genomic library.
Industry:Biology
The process of two consecutive cell divisions in the diploid progenitors of sex cells. Meiosis results in four rather than two daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes.
See also: mitosis.
Industry:Biology
Nearly identical strains of an organism; they vary at only a single locus..
Industry:Biology
DNA sequence variations that occur when a single nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) in the genome sequence is altered.
See also: mutation, polymorphism, single-gene disorder.
Industry:Biology
One method in which genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring. Named for Gregor Mendel, who first studied and recognized the existence of genes and this method of inheritance.
See also: autosomal dominant, recessive gene, sex-linked.
Industry:Biology
The study of human genetics by comparisons with model organisms such as mice, the fruit fly, and the bacterium E. coli..
Industry:Biology
Hereditary disorder caused by a mutant allele of a single gene (e.g., Duchenne muscular dystrophy, retinoblastoma, sickle cell disease).
See also: polygenic disorders.
Industry:Biology
