- Industria: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
An aviation weather forecast for one or more specified air terminals. See Also TAF.
Industry:Weather
An atmospheric boundary layer theory that splits turbulent transport into two components, one that is entrained into the boundary layer top and then diffused downward, and one that is injected from the earth's surface and brought upward into the boundary layer. These two linearly decomposed components of a passive scalar assume that the top-down component has zero flux at the surface while the bottom-up component has zero flux at the top. This theory allows some aspects of vertical transport across a mixed layer to be modeled, even though the actual vertical gradient of the passive scalar is zero, which is often the case for vigorous buoyant convection.
Industry:Weather
An atmospheric sounding instrument that is supported by a captive balloon and used to obtain temperature and humidity data from the ground level to a height of about 1 km. Height is determined by means of a sensitive altimeter, or from the length of cable released and the angle that the cable makes with the ground. Information is telemetered to the ground through a wire cable. See kytoon.
Industry:Weather
An atmospheric boundary layer containing a range of quasi-random eddies or swirls that tend to cause mixing and dispersion of tracers within it. Most atmospheric boundary layers form on earth because of turbulence acting in a statically stable troposphere.
Industry:Weather
An assumption used in applications of tangent linear models and adjoint models that the evolution of small perturbations in nonlinear models may be approximated by tangent linear (and adjoint) equations for finite time intervals. In forecasts of extratropical synoptic-scale weather systems, this approximation is generally valid for two to three days with dry tangent linear and adjoint models, although qualitatively useful information may be obtained for longer forecast intervals. The accuracy implied by the tangent linear approximation applies equally to the perturbation forecast of a tangent linear model and to the sensitivity provided by the corresponding adjoint model.
Industry:Weather
An assessment of the future state of the atmosphere with respect to precipitation, clouds, winds, and temperature. Such assessments are usually made by government or private meteorologists, often using numerical simulations. Such simulations are the result of representing the atmosphere mathematically as a fluid in motion. See Also numerical weather prediction.
Industry:Weather
An ascending motion of subsurface water by which water from deeper layers is brought into the surface layer and is removed from the area of upwelling by divergent horizontal flow. See Also coastal upwelling, equatorial upwelling, downwelling.
Industry:Weather
An array of functions that obeys certain laws of transformation. The motivation for the use of tensors in some branches of physics is that they are invariants, not depending on the particular coordinate system employed. The tensors (e.g., stress tensor) that enter into meteorology are of a particularly simple kind, called Cartesian tensors, so the important theorems of tensor analysis play no role, but notational convenience justifies their use. A one-row or one-column tensor array is a vector.
Industry:Weather
An area of very little rainfall and high temperature that occurs where the trade winds or their equivalent (such as the harmattan) blow over land. The best examples are the Sahara and Kalahari deserts. The trade winds, blowing from higher latitudes, are very drying, and cloudiness is almost absent in these desert regions.
Industry:Weather
